Secondary recycling occurs when a product is broken down and repurposed into products different from the original commodity. Tire shredding equipment in today’s recycling plants reduces tire rubber into multiple secondary recycled materials, separating the rubber, steel and fiber for transformation into many sellable goods. Tire recycling creates five common output materials.
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1. Rubber ChipsRubber chips are relatively large pieces of tire rubber produced by primary tire shredders. The majority of rubber chips are burnt as tire-derived fuel (TDF). Producing more energy than coal and less harmful emissions, TDF is used to create electricity, concrete and steel. Because fuel is in constant demand and rubber chips are the most accessible tire recycling material, over half of recycled tires become a component of TDF.
Secondary shredders reduce the size of larger rubber chips to create smaller ones repurposed as mulch for gardens. Rubber chip mulch is superior to wood mulch because it does not rot, attract termites or wash away.
2. Crumb RubberThe smaller cousin of rubber chips, crumb rubber, is the raw material for athletic tracks, rubber mats and playground surfaces. Crumb rubber is graded depending on the size and purity. The less fiber and metal wire the crumb rubber contains, the higher the grade. Artificial turfs require a higher grade of crumb rubber than the rubber used in civil engineering projects. Crumb rubber is also repurposed in speed bumps and a vibration barrier to reduce noise pollution from railway lines.
Old tires are a breeding ground for mosquitos, which cause malaria in South America. Transformadora de Gomas is a tire recycling plant in Venezuela that produces large amounts of quality crumb rubber from waste tires. The company uses the ECO Granulator and other ECO Green equipment to process over 750 tires per hour. Transformadora de Gomas turns these harmful mosquito breeding grounds into useful crumb rubber for local playgrounds and roofing projects.
3. Rubber PowderIf a tire recycling line has an ECO Krumbustor, a type of cracker mill, they can reduce tires further into rubber powder. The Krumbustor grinds crumb rubber into grains of rubber no larger than 0.75 mm. During production, all of the impurities are removed, making rubber powder a versatile raw material. Rubber powder finds utility in asphalt, paint and molded products such as oil seals and caps. Because rubber powder is a secondary material, it is significantly cheaper to use than manufactured rubber. Shoes, hoses and brake pads can also incorporate rubber powder.
4. Textile FiberAdded to the rubber to increase lifespan, approximately 10% of a tire is fiber. Because the textile fiber is not the primary component, tire recycling processes often remove the fiber and do not repurpose it. In recent years, entrepreneurs and scientists have found multiple purposes for this secondary material. Some companies repurpose the fiber in carpet and fiberglass products. One research project found that adding fiber increases the fire resistance of concrete.
5. Metal WireSteel wire increases the durability of car and truck tires. When a tire’s tread wears thin, the wire incorporated into the tire’s design begins to show, indicating the need to replace them. During the recycling process, a large plate magnet removes this steel from the tire rubber. The recycling plant may choose to clean and melt the steel, making it suitable for recasting into many metal products. However, because tire wire has a large surface area when it is extracted from the tire, appearing like metal hair, it rusts quickly and is often contaminated. These challenges, in combination with a highly volatile market for the end product, leads many tire recycling companies not to repurpose the extracted wire.
Why Aren’t Tires Recycled into New Tires?New tires cannot be made from old ones because the rubber in tires is cross-linked with sulfur. This chemical process creates vulcanized rubber. More durable and elastic than simple rubber, vulcanized rubber makes tires more suitable for the pressures and abrasion of constant use on the road. Vulcanized rubber does not melt, which makes it difficult to recycle into new tires. Some manufacturers have found ways to chemically alter the rubber from recycled tires and incorporate it into new tires. However, the majority of the tire rubber in new tires is still made from crude oil.
Tires are made to be durable, which poses challenges for recycling processes. However, when you drop a worn-out tire at a gas station or recycling plant, its utility is far from spent. It may become a useful fuel for cement or paper production. It could end up in your kids’ favorite playground. Industrial companies might incorporate the raw materials into roads your new tires travel over or the hose in your backyard. The secondary recycling process of reducing and repurposing tires is an important way to reduce waste and stress on land and natural resources by providing fiber, steel and rubber materials.
VideoThe recycling of end-of-life tires is an essential aspect of modern waste management, driven by environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices. Tire shredding machines are at the heart of this process, converting used tires into valuable resources. This article aims to guide potential buyers through the critical factors to consider when investing in a tire shredding machine.
Basic Operation and Function
Tire shredding machines are designed to reduce whole tires into smaller, more manageable pieces. They typically include a series of cutting tools and mechanisms that can handle the tough rubber and steel components of tires.
Different shredding machines are suited to various stages of the recycling process:
The first step in selecting a shredder is to estimate the volume of tires that will be processed daily, weekly, or annually. This will help determine the necessary throughput of the machine.
The throughput rate, or how many tons per hour a machine can process, is a critical specification. Additionally, the desired output size of the shredded material will influence the choice of machinery.
Consider whether the shredding machine can be scaled up to handle increased throughput as your recycling business grows.
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High-quality construction is essential for longevity and reliability. Look for machines with robust steel frames and durable cutting tools.
Research the manufacturer's reputation for quality and reliability. A well-established company with a history of producing reliable machinery is a good sign.
Inquire about the typical lifespan of the machine and the maintenance required to keep it operating efficiently.
Consider the upfront cost of the machine, including any necessary shipping or import fees.
Operating costs include energy consumption, routine maintenance, and the cost of spare parts. High-quality machines may have a higher initial cost but lower operating costs over time.
Factor in all costs over the expected lifespan of the machine to understand the total cost of ownership.
Ensure the machine meets local and international emission standards and noise regulations to avoid fines and legal issues.
Compliance with environmental regulations is crucial. Some shredders are designed to minimize dust and noise pollution.
Choose a machine that not only shreds tires but also facilitates the separation of recyclable materials like steel and rubber.
Ensure the machine has adequate safety guards to protect workers from the moving parts and interlocks to prevent operation when guards are open.
The machine should be designed with operator safety in mind, including features that reduce strain and fatigue.
Look for safety certifications from recognized organizations, indicating that the machine meets industry safety standards.
Some manufacturers offer customization options to fit specific recycling needs, such as the addition of air classifiers or magnetic separators.
Automation can increase efficiency and reduce labor costs. Consider the level of automation that best fits your operation.
Choose a machine that can be upgraded with new technology as it becomes available.
Understand the warranty coverage, including what is covered and for how long.
Ensure that spare parts are readily available to minimize downtime.
A strong service network and responsive technical support are essential for maintaining the machine.
Look for customer reviews and testimonials to gauge the supplier's reputation.
Speak with other businesses that have purchased from the supplier to get their feedback.
Choose a supplier with a stable financial history to ensure ongoing support and availability of spare parts.
Research the specific regulations that apply to tire recycling in your region or country.
Verify that the machine complies with all legal requirements to avoid fines and legal issues.
Ensure you have all necessary certifications and permits to operate the machine legally.
Availability of Training for Operators and Maintenance Staff
Proper training is essential for safe and efficient operation of the machine.
On-Site Support and Installation Assistance
Consider the availability of on-site support during installation and the initial operation phase.
Ongoing Technical Assistance and Troubleshooting
Ongoing technical assistance can help resolve issues quickly and minimize downtime.
When purchasing a tire shredding machine, it's crucial to consider factors such as capacity, quality, cost, environmental impact, safety, customization, warranty, supplier reputation, legal compliance, and support. Thorough research and due diligence are key to making an informed decision that will serve your recycling operation well for years to come.
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