With the departure of a number of automakers from this year's North American International Auto Show, the Chinese found themselves in an unfamiliar location: smack in the middle of the Detroit Auto Show . is the first time that China's automakers have been able to find space to rent on the main show floor -- in years past, they were confined to Michigan Hall, nicknamed "The Basement" by journalists. Taking full advantage of the larger forum, BYD unveiled what it is billing as the world's first production plug-in hybrid , the F3DM Dual Mode. Thankfully, BYD thoughtfully left their cars uncovered earlier in the show, and we were able to get the shots you see here without wading through the crowds.Powered by a 1.0-liter gasoline engine and an electric motor, BYD says their Toyota Corolla lookalike boasts 168-horsepower and 295 pound-feet of torque. So equipped, the car can reach 60 miles-per-hour in 10.5 seconds, although it tops out at just 93 mph. More importantly, officials claim that the F3DM will run purely on battery power for 62 miles(!). BYD says the car's Fe battery packs reach a 50% charge in just ten minutes, and a full charge can be obtained in just seven hours from a standard power outlet. Oddly, the very same press release notes that the Fe battery in the company's E6 crossover can be fully recharged in 60 minutes.We look forward to getting hold of one of these vehicles to verify some of these remarkable claims, but in the meantime we'll have to amuse ourselves with the notion that BYD calls this car a "dual mode hybrid " because it can run on electricity alone or on a combination of battery power and internal combustion. Hmmm...
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Safety features include air bags and ABS with electronic brake-force distribution.
BYD Fe Battery
Thus was born BYD's Dual Mode series - DM for short.
EV + HEV
As the latest star in a rapidly expanding portfolio of green, high-tech products, the all-new BYD e6 electric vehicle is being unveiled at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The five-passenger e6 will be marketed as a family-oriented crossover vehicle The pure-electric e6 features BYD's revolutionary battery technology - what we call the Fe battery. The range per charge is expected to be a remarkable 249mi (400km). Performance is surprisingly brisk, with 0-60mph (0-100km/h) acceleration in less than 8 seconds and a projected top speed of 100mph (160km/h).The Right SizeWhat sets the e6 apart from other pure electric vehicles are its size and performance. With current battery capacity limited, most other manufacturers have elected to focus on small, lightweight EVs that stress efficiency over performance and range.BYD, as a young brand with a rich history of IT development and cutting-edge battery R&D, has the drive and extroverted personality to take an unconventional approach and manufacture cars that embody the company's slogan, Build Your Dreams. That's the spirit and underlying philosophy behind the e6.The high-tech e6 boasts the exterior dimensions of a typical American family vehicle, with ample interior space that provides substantial legroom and headroom for passengers, plus a generous luggage compartment. The e6 measures 179.3 inches (mm) long, 71.7 inches (mm) wide and 64.2 inches (mm) tall.The pure-electric e6 is environmentally friendly, eliminating toxic emissions and greenhouse gases while driving. BYD's new Fe battery takes this "green" philosophy a step further: All chemical substances used in the battery can be recycled.And while the range of many electric vehicles is restricted by their battery capacity, making it inconvenient to travel long distances, the BYD e6, with its high-efficiency Fe battery, can go up to 249 miles (400km) on a single charge. That makes the e6 suitable for daily commutes, around-town chores and even long journeys.The Fe battery pack in the e6 can be quick-charged to 50 percent of itscapacity in 10 minutes, and 100 percent of its capacity in 60 minutesThe BYD F3DM Dual Mode electric vehicle is based on the standard gasoline model BYD F3, which is one of China's best-selling cars. The DM designation stands for Dual Mode, which indicates the vehicle can run on either pure battery power or a combination of gasoline and electricity.The F3DM extends the range, performance and fuel economy of the F3. The F3DM features a small gasoline engine, a permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and BYD's high-efficiency Fe battery pack.The 1.0-liter gasoline engine and electric motor deliver a combined 168hp (125kw) and 295 lb-ft (400Nm) of torque. The combined range is 360miles (580km), with 0-60 mph acceleration in 10.5 seconds and a top speed of 93mph (150km/h). On battery power alone, the F3DM has a range of 62 miles (100km).The F3DM's Fe battery pack can be quick-charged to 50 percent of its capacity in only 10 minutes. It can be fully recharged from a normal household power outlet in seven hours.The BYD F6DM Dual Mode electric vehicle is based on the standard gasoline model BYD F6.Like the F3DM, the larger and more luxurious F6DM features a small gasoline engine, a permanent-magnet synchronous electric motor and BYD's high-efficiency Fe battery pack to extend the range, performance and fuel economy of the F6.The F6DM shares the F3DM's 1.0-liter gasoline engine and electric motor, which deliver a combined 168hp (125kw) and 295 lb-ft (400Nm) of torque. The combined range is 267 miles (430km), with 0-60 mph acceleration in 13.0 seconds and a top speed of 93mph (150km/h). On battery power alone, the F6DM has a range of 62 miles (100km).The F6DM's Fe battery pack can be quick-charged to 50 percent of its capacity in only 10 minutes. It can be fully recharged from a normal household power outlet in seven hours.BYD is introducing a new version of its high-end F6 sedan - the F6 CVT, featuring a continuously variable transmission and a powerful, efficient 2.0-liter gasoline engine.The BYD483QB four-cylinder engine delivers 138hp (103kW) and 137 lb-ft (186Nm) of torque. It is mated to a three-mode CVT transmission, which includes driving mode, sports mode and manual mode.Among the amenities on the F6 CVT are a multimedia entertainment system, GPS navigation, radar backup system, dual-zone climate controls and an adjustable steering wheel.The F6 CVT is outfitted with such advanced safety features as front and side air bags and four-wheel disc brakes with ABS and electronic brake-force distribution (EBD).BYD sees environmental responsibility as a core value and a critical factor in the company's long-term success. For that reason, it spent three years and thousands of hours to design, engineer and develop its new minicompact, the BYD F0.The F0 hatchback combines a jaunty design in a popular size and shape with BYD's own unique cues and characteristics. It is brimming with premium fashion features: A dynamic exterior and warm, inviting cabin are specially designed for the new generation. By building in high quality at an affordable price, the BYD F0 promises to attract a wide range of buyers looking for a great value without compromising safety, performance or fuel economy.The F0 sports a peanut-like shape and an animated face with fluid headlamps and a distinctive grille. The interior is comfortable and friendly, with white-LED instrumentation that pops out of a soft blue background. The integrated rear seats can be completely folded to provide additional space. An adjustable steering wheel provides additional flexibility.The F0 is powered by a lightweight BYD371QA all-aluminum 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine fitted with Bosch electronic control systems to help enhance fuel efficiency and meet stringent emission standards The ride is stable and controlled, thanks to a relatively long wheelbase and a well-engineered suspension system that includes MacPherson struts in front, a torsion-beam setup in the rear and a stabilizer bar to help minimize body roll.BYD, a global leader in advanced battery and electronics technology, has devoted thousands of hours and hundreds of millions of dollars to the development of new-energy vehicles and systems. Chief among the company's core values is to provide consumers around the globe with safe, efficient and environmentally friendly products.BYD began research and development of electric-vehicle batteries in . In late , the company formally established the Electric Vehicle Project Department, launching an R&D program on pure electric vehicles. Four years later, in , this group evolved into an independent division with more than 1,000 engineers, focused on research, development and pre-production of electric vehicles and components for new-energy vehicles, including pure electric vehicles and Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles.BYD's advanced Fe battery is notable not only for its efficiency, but also for its high degree of safety. During rigorous testing that included impact, crush, nail penetration, and high/low temperatures, the Fe battery remained intact, with no evidence of leakage or overheating.Further, the Fe battery has proved rugged and durable, good for cycles (fully charged and discharged).Besides safety and long cycle life, low cost is another key factor in commercializing EVs. The price of iron is well below the price of other battery ingredients, such as cobalt; thus, the cost of BYD's Fe battery is far below that of Li-ion cobalt batteries.The production and use of the Fe battery is eco-friendly: No pollution or harmful emissions during production, and the material and chemicals used in the Fe battery are completely recyclable.Thanks to its long experience and leading position as one of the world's top battery manufacturers, BYD also has the knowledge and ability to maintain the high degree of consistency and quality required to produce advanced, high-tech batteries that are 100% defect-free.BYD DM TechnologyBYD has been working to resolve several challenges in developing new-energy vehicles, including the cost of battery packs and the limited range of most current pure-electric vehicles between battery recharges, a condition which also applies to hybrid electric vehicles when operating in electric mode.BYD's Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles combine a pure-electric mode with a hybrid drive system that incorporates a small gasoline engine. The Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicle system integrates an advanced generator and motor controller, which results in lower fuel consumption and emissions, as well as higher power and performance.As the Dual Mode name implies, the DM system takes advantage of multiple energy supplies via recharging and refueling. If we refer to the pure electric mode as EV and the hybrid electric mode as HEV, then BYD's DM is simply "EV+HEV." We believe this advanced system eventually will take the place of more conventional hybrid systems, and become the most popular hybrid vehicle system in the world.The BYD DM is a Dual Mode electric vehicle system which brings together an Fe battery pack, a facility for recharging the battery from an external power source and control software that allows a deeper battery cycle so that the vehicle can operate solely on electricity over short distances (typically up to 60 miles) until the battery charge level is almost exhausted.In our daily lives, most people (about 95%) will drive fewer than 60 miles per day. BYD's Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles can run at zero-fuel-consumption and zero-emission levels under the pure EV driving mode. When the vehicle needs more power to accelerate, a gasoline engine and an electric motor drive the wheels together to provide greater output and torque.Under deceleration and braking, the electric motor acts as a generator to recover kinetic energy and convert it to electrical energy, which is stored in the high-performance battery for later use as motive power. Thus, with a perfect integration of electric motor and gasoline engine, BYD's Dual Mode electric vehicles can run up to 360 miles (580km) on a single battery charge and a full tank of gasoline.During typical operation, the electric motor uses the energy stored during regenerative braking, enabling the gasoline engine to be used primarily in its more efficient operating range. The electric motor also provides maximum torque from standstill, as well as providing additional torque for acceleration, enabling the use of a smaller gasoline engine.BYD's Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicle system uses a small gasoline engine and an electric motor with a combined output of 168hp (125kW). This Dual Mode drivetrain performs like a standard 2.4-liter gasoline engine, although at much lower cost, to give owners a new driving experience.The Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicle system developed by BYD provides owners with greater convenience, since the vehicle can be recharged using a normal household power outlet instead of a commercial charging station. The Fe battery can be charged to 50% power via quick charge in 10 minutes, and 100% via household charge in seven hours.BYD Auto is a subsidiary of BYD Company Ltd., which is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In , the parent company became the world's second largest rechargeable-battery producer. In the same year, BYD Auto Company Ltd. was founded.Today, BYD's nickel batteries, mobile- lithium-ion batteries and mobile- components occupy the major shares in their respective global market segments. BYD has more than 130,000 employees worldwide, and its market value has surpassed $7 billion.From the first day of its founding, BYD Auto has devoted itself to the research, development and manufacture of world-class products, including electric vehicles and Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles. Aiming to meet the increasing demands of global customers and relying upon BYD's unparalleled strength in technology and capital while leveraging China's abundant manufacturing resources, BYD Auto has fully integrated all aspects of the automotive industry, thereby tremendously reducing its costs and significantly upgrading its quality.Currently, BYD Auto has established large-scale industrial bases in several locations in China, as its R&D and vehicle manufacturing operations have rapidly developed. Within only five years of its founding, BYD Auto has successfully unveiled a series of new models, including the F0, F3, F3R, F3DM, F6, F6DM, F8 and e6.Over the next few years, BYD Auto will continue to expand its product portfolio to include a broad range of F-series sedans and hatchbacks, S-series crossover vehicles and M-series multipurpose vehicles. Its hallmarks will remain cutting-edge "green" technology, safety, reliability, quality and affordable prices.Besides the development and production of traditional gasoline vehicles, BYD Auto will continue to develop and promote new-energy vehicles, including its Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles and pure-electric vehicles.Warren Buffett's recent investment in BYD Company has definitely boosted our confidence in bringing new-energy vehicles into the North American market. BYD President Wang Chuanfu has said the investment will enhance BYD's brand recognition in the United States, and will speed up the company's pace in entering the auto market there.BYD, leveraging its wide-ranging battery expertise, continues to expand development of Dual Mode (DM) electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. It began building and selling the new F3DM in China on December 15, . Looking to the future, BYD expects to introduce its DM series and EV models in Europe and Israel by and eventually in North America.BYD, which made its debut at NAIAS , is back for a return engagement at NAIAS . Striving forward steadfastly along our bright route, BYD's philosophy remains: "All ways together"
BYD Auto Co., Ltd. (Chinese: &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;; pinyin: Bǐyàdí Qìchē) is the main automotive subsidiary and brand of BYD Company, a publicly listed Chinese multinational manufacturing company. It manufactures passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), collectively known as new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China. It also produces electric buses and trucks.
BYD Auto was founded in January by BYD Company founder and owner Wang Chuanfu, following BYD's acquisition of Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile. The first car designed by BYD, the BYD F3, entered production in . BYD started producing its first plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the BYD F3DM in , followed by its first production battery electric vehicle, the BYD e6 in . In March , BYD ended production of purely internal combustion engined cars to focus on new energy vehicles. The company sells its vehicles under the main BYD brand and high-end vehicles under its Denza, Yangwang and Fangchengbao brands.
Following a decline in sales and profit, BYD Auto has experienced substantial sales growth since due to the increasing market share of new energy vehicles in China. In the fourth quarter of , BYD was the top-selling battery electric vehicle manufacturer in the world ahead of Tesla.[8] BYD was also the best-selling car brand in China in , overtaking Volkswagen, which had held the title since the liberalisation of the Chinese automotive industry.[9] The company has also expanded sales of passenger cars into overseas markets since , mainly to Europe, Southeast Asia, Oceania and Latin America.
The company is characterised by its extensive vertical integration, leveraging BYD group's expertise in producing batteries and other related components such as electric motors and electronic controls, ensuring control and flexibility in production cost and volume. Most components used in BYD vehicles are claimed to be produced in-house within the group. The group also operates lithium mines, lithium processing, battery production, and an in-house computer chip manufacturing unit. As of , BYD Company's battery subsidiary FinDreams Battery is the world's second largest producer of electric vehicle batteries.[10] It specialises in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, including BYD's proprietary Blade battery.
History
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&#;: Establishment and early years
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The BYD stand at the Central China High-Tech Fair in ShenzhenIn January , BYD Company founder Wang Chuanfu founded BYD Auto after acquiring and renaming a dwindling small automotive manufacturing company, Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile, from a state-owned defense company Norinco. The company was acquired for HK$269 million in exchange for a 77% stake, shortly after BYD raised HK$1.6 billion on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in July .[11][12][13][14] The acquisition was met with disapproval from shareholders, as the plan was not disclosed in the prospectus.[15] Wang Chuanfu acquired Qinchuan with the intention of developing battery-powered electric vehicles, leveraging BYD's expertise in battery manufacturing.[16][17] As Qinchuan had been manufacturing cars since , the purchase gave BYD access to car manufacturing technology and an automobile production license that was difficult to obtain at that time.[18][19] At the time of the acquisition, Qinchuan was producing a small car called the QCJ Flyer, which BYD renamed to BYD Flyer from . Limited capacity at the former Qinchuan manufacturing plant in Xi'an, Shaanxi prompted BYD to construct a new manufacturing plant in the Xi'an Development Zone within the city.[20]
The first car developed by BYD, codenamed 316, was rejected by dealers due to its poor styling and was scrapped before reaching the market, writing off CN¥100 million of research and development (R&D) expenses as a result.[21] Wang Chuanfu personally smashed the prototype to destroy it.[22] The BYD F3 sedan entered production on April 16, , with an affordable price tag of CN¥73,000 (approximately US$10,000). Bearing resemblance to the Toyota Corolla with a lower price, the F3 quickly gained popularity, becoming a successful model with over 63,000 units sold that year.[20][21] The 100,000th unit rolled off the assembly line on June 18, , just 20 months after production began. Following this success, the larger BYD F6 sedan entered production in August , which was modelled after the Honda Accord.[23][24] Initially, BYD cars are equipped with Chinese-built Mitsubishi Motors older engines, but within a few years, BYD Auto created its own engines by improving Mitsubishi Motors engine blueprints.[15][25][26][27]
The BYD F3, the first vehicle designed by BYD was produced in &#;During its early years, BYD Auto achieved growth by reverse engineering competitors products and supplier parts, and maintaining strong control over costs. The first mass-produced passenger car from BYD, the BYD F3 compact sedan is "a copycat of the Toyota Corolla".[28] The BYD F0 small car was described as "a clear copy of the Toyota Aygo,"[29] while the BYD S6 "closely apes the Lexus RX",[30] and the BYD S8 has a similar appearance to the Mercedes-Benz SL-Class, with "features an almost identical Mercedes-Benz CLK front-end and Renault Megane CC rear".[31][32] Wang Chuanfu responded by claiming the company only uses "non-patented technologies".[33] In , the US government had been advised by its consulate general in Guangzhou, China, that BYD uses an approach of "copying and then modifying car designs." Chinese courts ruled BYD has not infringed on patents.[34]
In , BYD Auto contributed 10% to BYD Company's revenue. By , a little over a year since the F3 was launched, BYD Auto's contribution increased to 25%. In the first half of , the automotive business for the first time made up more than half of BYD Company's revenue, reaching 55%.[11] By , BYD Auto owned two vehicle assembly manufacturing plants in Xi'an and in Shenzhen with a production capacity of 300,000 units per year, an R&D and testing center in Shanghai, and a moulding plant in Beijing.[26]
After years of sales growth, widespread withdrawal of BYD dealerships were reported in large Chinese cities during due to excessively rapid expansion, limited model range, and internal competition that presented difficulties for dealers. It was exacerbated by BYD's focus on production capacity over quality. BYD responded by adjusting its annual production target from 800,000 to 600,000 vehicles, but fell short, reaching only 517,000 vehicles that year. In the subsequent three years, BYD shifted its attention to resolving concerns related to quality, dealership channels, and brand promotion.[11]
&#;: New energy vehicle efforts and sales stagnation
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At the Beijing Auto Show, BYD showcased the battery electric version of the F3, the BYD F3e. The car had an all-electric range of more than 300 km (186 mi), and was planned to be produced within 3 years from . In December , BYD Auto deputy general manager Wang Jianjun confirmed that the company had canceled plans for its production due to the lack of support in charging infrastructure.[35]
In , Wang Chuanfu set a goal for the company to lead the Chinese automotive market by , and to be the largest car manufacturer in the world by .[36] According to Wang, electric vehicles would be BYD's stepping stone to skip research and development of internal combustion engine vehicles, and to enter foreign markets such as Europe and North America.[37]
The BYD F3DM, a conversion of the F3, marked the first modern, mass produced plug-in hybrid vehicle globally.In March , the plug-in hybrid electric version of the BYD F3, the F3DM, was introduced as the world's first production model plug-in hybrid car at the Geneva Motor Show in Switzerland.[38][39] Initially, the F3DM was offered in China as a fleet vehicle for governments, banks and other institutions, until retail sales started in March when the Chinese government started granting subsidies for new energy vehicles.[40]
In January , BYD introduced its first production battery electric vehicle, the e6 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[41] It is powered by a battery pack codenamed "Fe", which provides a claimed electric range of 400 km (249 mi).[42] While plans to sell the vehicle to the general public in the US were shelved, the company sold the e6 in the US in a limited number as a fleet vehicle.[43][44][45]
In , BYD started producing battery electric buses as part of a pilot scheme initiated by the Chinese government.[46] It signed a deal to supply 1,000 BYD K9 electric buses to the Hunan Government in China. The buses have a range of 305 km (190 mi) per charge with a top speed of 70 km/h (43 mph), a charging time of six hours and 50% fast charging in 30 minutes.[35]
In , BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. and Daimler AG, now known as Mercedes-Benz Group AG, formed a 50-50 joint venture named Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology with a brand named Denza to focus on research and development of new energy vehicles. The brand showcased the Denza EV concept at Auto China in April .[47] Denza was later restructured in , when BYD took control of the brand by taking a 90% stake in the venture.[46]
In August , BYD established the Dynasty Series product line by introducing the plug-in hybrid electric variant of the petrol-engined BYD Surui, the BYD Qin. The Qin replaced the BYD F3DM and became the best-selling plug-in electric vehicle of early .[48][49][50]
In November , the company hired Wolfgang Egger as BYD Auto's head of design. Egger, who built his career at Alfa Romeo, Audi, and SEAT, created his first design for BYD, the Dynasty concept, a concept electric SUV that was displayed at the Shanghai Auto Show and previewed the design of the second-generation BYD Tang.[51][52][53]
During the period before , BYD relied on government subsidies to create profit in selling plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. For instance, throughout , the company recouped about US$1 billion in new energy vehicle subsidies for many of the nearly 100,000 new energy vehicles it sold, more than its net profit for that year of CN¥5.1 billion (US$750 million). The subsidies it received were also equivalent to a little over a fifth of BYD's US$5 billion in revenues from new energy vehicle sales that year.[54] Between and , BYD was negatively impacted by a reduction of subsidies granted by the Chinese government.[55][56][57][58] Consequently, the company experienced a sales slowdown in that period with net profit falling sharply for three consecutive years, especially in , when its parent company net profit was only CN¥1.6 billion. According to Wang Chuanfu, at that time, BYD had only one goal, which was to survive.[59]
&#;present: Rapid growth and global expansion
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The BYD Atto 3 / Yuan Plus helped increase the sales of BYDs globally; it is one of the best selling electric cars in Australia.BYD experienced a substantial surge in vehicle sales from to . The company sold 3,024,417 vehicles globally in , a seven-fold increase compared to the figure of 427,302 vehicles. The increase was partly attributed to the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles in China, which accounted for 27.5% of vehicle sales in China in , up from 5.8% in .[60][61] In the first half of , BYD surpassed Tesla as the world's largest plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer by selling 641,000 vehicles.[62] BYD ended the production of pure internal combustion engine vehicles in March , redirecting its focus towards new energy vehicles. In September , BYD became the first carmaker in China to build one million new energy vehicles in a single year.[63] On November 24, , BYD became the first company in the world to produce its 6 millionth new energy vehicle.[64] By , BYD continued to be the world's largest plug-in hybrid electric vehicle manufacturer and the second-largest battery electric vehicle manufacturer (after Tesla), with global market shares of 21.4% and 15%, respectively.[65][66] BYD also held a 36% market share in the new energy vehicle segment in China as of September .[67]
BYD introduced its first vehicle equipped with the Blade battery, the BYD Han large sedan, in early . The Han went on sale in July with an option of plug-in hybrid electric (Han DM) and battery electric (Han EV) variants.[68] The range-topping variant of the Han EV was claimed to be the fastest electric car in China, while the DM version was the fastest hybrid sedan.[69]
BYD announced its entry to Europe in May , starting with Norway. The first batch of 100 BYD Tang EVs equipped with the Blade battery were sent to Norway in June .[70]
In April , BYD introduced the e-Platform 3.0, a third-generation platform for battery electric vehicles that integrated and standardised core components along with a new body structure, new electrical architecture, and operating system.[71] The platform began production starting with the BYD Dolphin and the BYD Yuan Plus that are announced in August .[72][73] It also established the Ocean Series line of products, which consists of models named after marine animals.[74]
In December , Daimler AG reduced its stake in its joint venture brand with BYD Auto from 50% to 10%, with BYD Auto controlling 90%. BYD refreshed Denza's line-up with the release of the Denza D9 minivan in , followed by the Denza N7 SUV in .[75] In January , BYD established its second premium brand called Yangwang by introducing the Yangwang U8 plug-in hybrid electric large SUV,[76][77] and the Yangwang U9 battery electric supercar.[78] The company further expanded its brand portfolio by introducing the Fangchengbao brand in June , which focuses on off-road vehicles.[79]
BYD SeagullIn April , BYD released its smallest and cheapest battery electric vehicle called the Seagull. It features a 4-seater, 5-door configuration in a hatchback body style, while being priced in a segment dominated by smaller 3-door cars. The car became a sales success in China. On 29 November , BYD produced the 200,000th Seagull after only seven months in the market.[80][81] Due to its low cost of production and its low selling price at below CN¥90,000 or US$12,000, the Seagull has garnered curiosity and praise from international media and industry experts.[82][83][84][85]
In May , BYD Auto was approved to acquire a 100% stake in Yi'an P&C Insurance Co., Ltd., renamed it, and transformed it into its own insurance company for BYD vehicles.[86][87] In June , BYD Property & Casualty Insurance opened for registrations, and announced the expansion of its car insurance services in 7 major provinces in China.[88] The company has regulatory approval to adjust premium rates independently, addressing high premiums and profitability challenges in the new energy vehicle insurance market.[89]
While celebrating BYD's 5,000,000th new energy vehicle production in August , Wang Chuanfu called on local Chinese car manufacturers to "unite" to take on foreign manufacturers, responding to the severe price war in the Chinese market throughout . Wang claims that it is "an emotional need for the 1.4 billion Chinese people to see a Chinese brand becoming global," and initiated a campaign titled "Together, we are Chinese autos". The call was welcomed by the CEOs of Nio and Li Auto.[90][91]
On 9 January , BYD's first roll-on/roll-off cargo ship, named "BYD Explorer No.1", was delivered and left the construction base in Longkou, Shandong province. The 200 m (660 ft)-long ship arrived at Yantai Port on the same day, before heading to Shenzhen for loading cars for exporting to Europe. According to China International Marine Containers (CIMC), the ship was built by Yantai CIMC Raffles Shipyard for the international ship management company Zodiac Maritime, and was leased to BYD as the first of its "sea shipping fleet", with a loading capacity of 7,000 vehicles.[92][93][94]
Marketing
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Branding
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BYD Auto's original logo was used between and . According to the company, the blue and white colours represent the sky and the clouds respectively.[95][96] The logo was criticised due to its resemblance to the BMW roundel.[97][98] It was replaced with the logo used by its parent company upon the introduction of the BYD F1 (renamed to F0 later).[99]
On 1 January , BYD Auto adopted a new brand logo, while other BYD businesses retained the older logo.[100]
On 17 February , the logo of BYD Auto was slightly revised with a narrower width to follow graphic design trends, coinciding with the introduction of the new BYD Company logo.[101]
As the name "BYD" had no particular meaning, BYD Auto started adopting the slogan "Build Your Dreams" since it participated in the North American International Auto Show in the US.[102] In , when the company released the second-generation BYD Tang, BYD Auto started placing "Build Your Dreams" badging at the rear of its vehicles, replacing the standard oval BYD logo.[103] The badging was retained until late , when the company announced that the badging would be dropped in favour of the three-letter BYD logo due to widespread criticisms.[104][105]
Logo used during &#;
Logo used during &#;
Logo used between &#; (wider than the current logo)
Current logo (since )
In December , BYD signed American actor Leonardo DiCaprio as the brand's global brand ambassador for new energy vehicles.[106]
In January , BYD signed a deal with UEFA to be the official partner of UEFA European Football Championship , replacing Volkswagen as the competition's mobility partner.[107]
Global markets
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In , BYD started exporting cars to Africa, South America, and the Middle East. At that time, BYD cars competed on price instead of quality.[108] Since , BYD started expanding its global presence rapidly by prioritizing exports of passenger electric vehicles. Beginning in , BYD has committed to producing right-hand drive versions of several battery electric passenger models for exports to left-hand traffic countries such as Australia, the UK and Thailand.[109] These include newer models with BYD's third-generation platform (e-Platform 3.0) such as the Atto 3 (the export version of the Yuan Plus), Dolphin and Seal.[110] For the Dolphin, the company had also done an extensive reengineering to ensure the small car would achieve the highest ratings in Euro NCAP and Australasian NCAP testing.[111][112]
Throughout , the company exported over 242,766 passenger new energy vehicles, a year-over-year increase of 334 percent.[1] As of , BYD Auto vehicles are sold in over 70 countries.[113]
Europe
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BYD booth at the IAA Summit , Munich, GermanyIn May , BYD Auto announced that it would offer passenger vehicles in Europe, starting with Norway. The company chose Norway due to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles in the country. The first product offered there is the BYD Tang.[114] Previous BYD vehicles offered in Europe are mainly commercial vehicles and fleet-oriented vehicles such as the BYD e6, sold in low volumes.[115]
In , BYD Auto began selling its passenger vehicles in more European countries, such as Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Belgium.[116] In Germany and Sweden, the BYD models are sold in cooperation with the Hedin Group.[117] In October , BYD appointed Denzel Group as its distributor in Austria.[117] In March , BYD entered the United Kingdom market by introducing the Atto 3.[118] In June , BYD began selling three BEV passenger car models in Poland.[119]
BYD will build its first European passenger car factory in Szeged, Hungary, which will build new energy vehicles with an annual capacity of over 100,000 vehicles. The plan was announced in December .[120][121] It is the first Chinese manufacturer to plan a European factory.[122]
In September , the European Commission announced EU would launch an anti-subsidy investigation into Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers, including BYD. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen claimed that Chinese electric vehicle prices are kept artificially low by significant state subsidies, that would in effect distort the EU market. BYD Europe managing director, Michael Shu, argued that BYD's competitive price was achieved by higher "management efficiency" and unique technology instead of subsidies from the Chinese government.[123] In June , the European Commission completed its investigation, and imposed an additional 17.4% import duty on top of the existing 15% on BYD vehicles imported into the European Union, effective 4 July .[124][125]
Australia
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BYD entered the Australian market in through a partnership with EVDirect, a local distributor that is a subsidiary of ASX-listed company MotorCycle Holdings. Both companies signed an agreement in February .[126] The company showcased the first right-hand drive Atto 3 in August .[127] Its entry into the Australian market was delayed by a month to November due to compliance issues with the Atto 3, due to the top tether child restraint anchor point in the center rear seating position not being in compliance with the Australian Design Rules.[128] Despite the delay, the Atto 3 became the second-best-selling electric vehicle in Australia in , behind only the Tesla Model 3.[129] In , BYD introduced two more models (the Dolphin and the Seal) in Australia, and by the end of the year has sold 12,438 vehicles, making it the second-largest electric vehicle brand in the country.[130]
Asia
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Japan
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BYD K9 bus in Morioka, Iwate, JapanIn , the BYD became the first Chinese manufacturer in Japan to market electric buses. It supplied the K9 large electric bus to bus operator Princess Line [ja] in Kyoto.[131][132] In , BYD held a 70% market share of electric buses in Japan.[133]
In July , BYD announced that sales of its passenger electric cars in Japan would start in .[134] Sales of the Atto 3 in the country started in February , with its first sales outlet located in Yokohama. BYD sells its vehicles in Japan through a dealership network instead of direct sales.[135] The Dolphin was added to the local line-up in September . All BYD models in Japan are adapted to local conditions by adopting the CHAdeMO charging standard.[136]
Hong Kong
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BYD started sales of its passenger electric cars in Hong Kong in September , shortly after it finished developing the right-hand drive Atto 3.[137] On 11 June , three BYD showrooms and a service center in Hong Kong were vandalised. Suspects poured red paint on windows and entrances of the buildings. In one case, a car was rammed into the rolling shutter of the showroom in New Territories.[138] The incidents were reported to the police, and operations in these premises were halted for a few days.[139] On 23 June , Hong Kong police announced that 13 people were arrested in connection with the incidents.[140]
Southeast Asia
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BYD booth at the Bangkok International Motor Show, ThailandIn October , BYD started sales of passenger electric cars in Thailand in partnership with local company Rêver Automotive.[141] In , BYD announced plans to build a new electric vehicle manufacturing plant in Thailand. The plant, located in Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) special zone in Rayong, began construction in March with an annual capacity of 150,000 vehicles.[142] BYD opened the plant on 4 July , and also rolled off its 8,000,000th new energy vehicle at the new site.[143] The facility is the first wholly-owned BYD plant outside China.[144] It encompasses processes of stamping, painting, welding, final assembly, and car component production, and will employ 10,000 people.[145]
BYD entered Malaysia in December by partnering with local company Sime Darby Motors as the distributor.[146] In the Philippines, BYD partnered with Ayala Corp to distribute BYD passenger electric cars in the country since August .[147]
BYD introduced its passenger electric cars in Indonesia in January . According to the Indonesian government, BYD plans to invest US$1.3 billion (Rp 20.3 trillion) to build a manufacturing plant in Indonesia with an annual capacity of 150,000 units.[148] In April , BYD formally announced the location of its Indonesian manufacturing plant, which will be in Subang, West Java. The plant will be operational in early .[149]
India
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BYD entered the Indian automotive sector in as a battery and bus chassis supplier to Olectra Greenwich Ltd. Its manufacturing operations are based in the Sriperumbudur plant, Tamil Nadu. BYD started assembling electric passenger vehicles through a semi-knock down arrangement in low volume in . The models assembled are the fleet-oriented e6 since September and the Atto 3 since November .[150][151][152]
In July , investment plans to produce cars in India were cancelled due to scrutiny from the Indian government, citing security concerns. BYD Auto had previously planned to invest $1 billion USD with a local joint venture partner, Megha Engineering, with production targeted to begin in .[153]
Uzbekistan
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BYD entered Uzbekistan in March by introducing two plug-in hybrid models and one battery electric model.[154] The company established a joint venture with the local company Uzavtosanoat JSC (UzAuto) to assemble plug-in hybrid cars starting in . The plant is located in Jizzakh.[155] The first vehicle produced by the facility, a BYD Song Plus DM-i, rolled off the assembly line on 27 June .[156]
North America
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United States
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BYD Auto US headquarters in Los Angeles, CaliforniaBYD's North American headquarters were opened in Los Angeles in .[157] The electric bus plant in Lancaster, California became operational in .[158][159] BYD first supplied the Los Angeles Metro Bus system with buses in .
In a February interview with Yahoo! Finance, Stella Li, the executive vice president of BYD and CEO of BYD Americas iterated that BYD is "not planning to come to the US" to sell electric passenger cars, despite planning a manufacturing plant in Mexico, citing politically motivated trade barriers against Chinese companies and the slowing rate of growth for electric car adoption in the US.[160]
Mexico
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BYD started selling electric passenger cars in Mexico since . The first models introduced were the Han EV sedan, Tang EV and Yuan Plus EV.[161][162] Previously the company has presence in the country selling battery electric buses, trucks and taxis.[163] Reports in February indicated that BYD is planning to build a manufacturing plant in Mexico. According to Stella Li, the company is not considering any northern state as it targets the local market instead of the US market.[160]
South America
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BYD planned to deliver 1,002 electric buses to Bogota, the capital city of Colombia, by mid-,[164] after winning a contract for 406 electric buses in January .[165]
In , BYD began selling passenger vehicles in Colombia and Costa Rica.[152]
Brazil
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In February , BYD Auto began sales of passenger vehicles in Brazil starting with the Tang EV (marketed as the Tan), followed by the Han EV in April .[166][167] Previously, BYD in Brazil had marketed battery electric buses and commercial vehicles.[168]
In July , BYD announced an investment of US$600 million in Brazil to acquire, modernise, and increase the production capacity of a former Ford manufacturing plant in Camaçari, Bahia, to build up to 300,000 cars per year by . The plant will produce the Dolphin, Yuan Plus, and Song Plus DM-i.[169] BYD also plans to build two industrial plants: one for the production of electric bus/truck platforms and another for refining lithium and iron phosphate ores for use in BYD's battery factories in China.[170] In June , BYD announced its goal to sell 350,000 vehicles annually in Brazil by and to become one of the top 3 car brands in the country.[171]
Products
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A BYD Dynasty Network showroom in ShenzhenBYD Auto offers a broad variety of vehicle types, including sedans, hatchbacks, MPVs, SUVs, battery electric buses and coaches in various sizes, and large trucks. The company formerly produced internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles until , when the carmaker announced that it would focus on new energy vehicles.[172]
Passenger vehicles
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For passenger vehicles for personal use, the BYD brand distinguishes its line-up under two main "series", which are the Dynasty Series (started by the Qin in ), Ocean Series (started by the Dolphin in ).[175] In China, these series are offered through separate sales network, namely the Dynasty Network and the Ocean Network (formerly the e-Network in &#;).[176][177] Dynasty series vehicles adopts dragon-inspired designs, and considered to be more premium.[178][179] Ocean Series vehicles are designed to appeal to younger customers with concept design of "Marine Aesthetics", using waves and flowing lines inspired by the ocean as the main theme. Ocean Series vehicles predominantly uses marine animal names except two models that are named after warships (e.g. Frigate and Destroyer).[180] Fleet-oriented vehicles for ride-hailing and taxi are categorised in the "e" series, which are distributed through the Ocean Network.[181]
Current powertrain options for BYD passenger vehicles consist of battery electric vehicles, denoted by the EV moniker, and plug-in hybrids marketed as DM-i (Dual Mode Intelligent, a plug-in hybrid electric system) and DM-p (performance-oriented Dual Mode with all-wheel drive).[175]
BYD Dolphin
BYD Seal
BYD Song Plus DM-i
BYD Qin L DM-i
Brands
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Denza
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Denza (Chinese: &#;&#;; pinyin: Téngshì) is a joint venture with Mercedes-Benz AG (previously Daimler AG) to produce luxury electric vehicles.[182][183] It was established in May . Its first model, the Denza 500 is based on an earlier generation of the Mercedes-Benz B-Class.[184] After years of low sales, in Daimler reduced its share from 50% to 10%, leaving BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. as the largest shareholder at 90%.[75] The brand line-up was refreshed with the release of the Denza D9 minivan in , followed by the Denza N7 SUV.[185]
Denza Z9 GT
Denza D9
Yangwang
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Yangwang (Chinese: &#;&#;; lit. 'gazing', 'look up') is BYD's luxury car brand that is positioned in a price range above CN¥1 million (approximately US$140,000) to compete with European luxury brands.[186] The brand was announced on 5 January at the Guangzhou Auto Show, along with its first model, the U8 off-road plug-in hybrid SUV, which features BYD's proprietary e4 individual wheel drive technology, followed by the U9 battery electric supercar.[187][78]
Yangwang U8
Yangwang U9
Fangchengbao
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Fangchengbao (Chinese: &#;&#;&#;; lit. 'formula leopard'), trademarked in English as Formula Bao[188] is BYD Auto's brand that produces SUVs. BYD positioned the brand with "professional" and "personalised" vehicles, with products covering off-road and track-focused segments. The brand was announced on 9 June .[189] The brand operates its own direct sales stores, in contrast with BYD that relies on a dealership network.[190]
On 16 August , Fangchengbao released its first model, the Bao 5 plug-in hybrid SUV. It debuted at the Chengdu Auto Show and is based on a Fangchengbao-specific platform called DMO (Dual Mode Off-Road).[190]
Fangchengbao Bao 5
Fangchengbao Bao 8
Commercial vehicles
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Light commercial vehicles and taxis
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The BYD e6, first introduced in as the first battery electric vehicle from BYD, is predominantly marketed as a taxi. It has been used as a taxi in many cities in China, Europe, and other Asian countries, as well as in fleets for ride-sharing apps.[191] BYD also offers battery electric panel vans and windowed vans such as the T3/ETP3 and V3.[192]
Buses
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BYD produces battery electric buses in various forms and sizes, such as single-deck buses, double-deck buses, articulated buses, school buses, and long-distance coaches.[193][194][195] As of , BYD has delivered over 100,000 battery electric buses globally.[196]
In North America, BYD buses are produced in the US at BYD's plant in Lancaster, California. As of , it is the largest battery-electric bus manufacturer in North America.[158]
Trucks
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BYD is one of the largest battery electric truck manufacturer in the world, with more than 8,000 trucks in service globally as of . It has sold more than 200 battery electric trucks in service across the United States.[197] It produces Class 5, Class 6, Class 7 and Class 8 trucks, refuse trucks, street sweeper trucks, mining trucks, and construction vehicles.[198][199][200]
BYD T8 street sweeper truck
BYD 8TT
Technologies
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Blade battery
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The Blade battery showcased at the IAA Summit , GermanyThe Blade battery is a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery for electric vehicles designed and manufactured by FinDreams Battery, a subsidiary of BYD Company. It was first used by the BYD Han in .[68] Starting from April , every battery electric vehicle from BYD comes equipped with the Blade battery.[201] The battery is claimed to be thinner and safer than typical electric vehicle batteries, and has been used by other car companies.[202][203] BYD claims that in a penetration test where the battery is impaled with a nail, the Blade battery emitted no smoke or fire after being penetrated, and its surface temperature reached only 30 to 60 °C (86 to 140 °F). In the same test, a three-layered lithium battery would exceed 500 °C (932 °F) and subsequently burn.[204]
Plug-in hybrid electric systems
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DM (dual mode)[
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The BYD DM (dual mode) hybrid technology was first introduced in on vehicles such as the BYD F3DM and BYD M3 DM. It consisted of a conventional internal combustion engine and transmission as well as an electric motor and batteries.[205] The first generation DM system is considered a series-parallel drivetrain. It uses an E-CVT, which is a power unit integrating a drive motor, a generator and a reducer, and does not have a multi-speed transmission in the traditional sense. The petrol engine drives the generator to charge the battery and power the electric motor, and is able to supply power to the wheels.[206]
In , BYD launched the second-generation DM technology (also called DM2.0). This system is more performance-oriented, and consists of a water-cooled electric motor with a six-speed dual-clutch transmission (DCT) ("P3") and a 1.5-litre turbocharged four-cylinder direct injection petrol engine to form a parallel hybrid drivetrain. It has three driving modes, which are EV, HEV and ICE.[206] This technology was used by the first generations of the BYD Qin, BYD Song, BYD Tang and other models. BYD also offered an all-wheel drive version by adding a drive motor ("P4") to the rear axle.[207] The third-generation DM system (also called DM3.0) brought improved performance and smoother shifting by adding a belt-driven starter generator (BSG).[206]
BYD DM-i powertrain in displayIn , BYD introduced the DM-i and DM-p systems that replaced the outgoing DM systems.[207] The DM-i is developed for efficiency-oriented front-wheel drive models, while the DM-p is adopted for performance-oriented all-wheel drive models. These systems adopts series-parallel plug-in hybrid technology with a dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT),[208] consisting of a high-efficiency petrol engine marketed as Xiaoyun (which can power an electric generator) and a main electric motor (which can be powered by batteries and/or an electric generator). The Xiaoyun engine uses the Atkinson cycle, has an ultra-high compression ratio (CR) of 15.5, and has a brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 43%, which is claimed to be the world's highest for a production petrol engine.[209] The DM-i is available with three power levels, codenamed EHS132, EHS145, and EHS160, using a 1.5-litre, a 1.5-litre or a 1.5-litre turbocharged Xiaoyun engines respectively.[210]
The hybrid drivetrain uses context-dependent components to provide driving power, including battery-only, battery + electrical generator mode, engine-only mode (only at high speeds due to lack of transmission), and battery + engine mode. The engine charges the batteries via the generator when conditions permit. This design allows the engine to remain within its high-efficiency zone.[209]
In late , a derivative of the DM-i and DM-p fourth-generation systems called DMO (Dual Mode Off-road) was introduced. It is developed for body-on-frame, off-road oriented vehicles that use a longitudinal engine layout such as the Fangchengbao Bao 5 SUV and the BYD Shark pickup truck.[211]
In January , reports surfaced that BYD plans to stop producing pouch-type batteries used in its plug-in hybrid vehicles by to address durability concerns and the risk of leaking electrolyte. Instead, the company will use prismatic batteries known as "Short Blade" for its plug-in hybrid vehicles going forward.[212]
Fifth generation DM-i[
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The fifth-generation DM-i system (DM-i 5.0) was introduced in May with the introduction of the BYD Qin L and BYD Seal 06 DM-i. The system is claimed to have the world's highest engine thermal efficiency of 46.06%, the world's lowest fuel consumption at 2.9 l/100 km (34 km/l; 81 mpg&#;US), and the world's longest combined range of 2,100 km (1,300 mi).[207]
The e-Platform 3.0 is a modular car platform specialised for battery electric vehicles. It offers improved integration of BYD's proprietary Blade battery technology into an improved pure electric frame with doubled torsional stiffness, a more efficient 8-in-1 module for the drive system, a direct cooling and heating system for the battery pack (utilising residual heat, the powertrain, the passenger compartment, and the battery itself) for increased thermal efficiency of up to 20%, as well as shorter front overhangs, a lower body profile, and a longer wheelbase to improve aerodynamics. The platform enables all-electric ranges exceeding 1,000 km (620 mi), with 800-volt fast charging technology for a range of up to 150 km (93 mi) after 5 minutes of charging and allows for an all-wheel drive (AWD) system with 0-100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration of up to 2.9 seconds.[213] It allows for cell-to-body (CTB) battery integration, replacing the outgoing cell-to-pack (CTP) technology.[214]
The first vehicles designed using this platform are the Dolphin, Yuan Plus (Atto 3 in global markets),[215] Seal, Denza D9 EV, among others.[72]
e-Platform 3.0 Evo
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In , BYD introduced an improved version of the platform called the e-Platform 3.0 Evo. It features a 12-in-1 electric drive system, replacing the previous 8-in-1 system. It also features the world highest speed mass-produced electric drive motor reaching 23,000 rpm, faster charging speed, and a high-efficiency heat pump.[216] The first vehicle that uses this platform is the BYD Sea Lion 07.[217]
Software and connectivity
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BYD equipped most of its passenger cars with DiLink, a service ecosystem of technology and content developed independently by BYD. The system is claimed to integrate in-vehicle network systems, cloud communication, AI, big data and other technologies.[218] The user interface is inspired by mobile phones, supported by rotatable screens in BYD vehicles, and supports over-the-air updates. BYD also cooperated with Alibaba Cloud for its DiCloud AI cloud platform for the DiLink.[219] Initial iterations of the DiLink (version 1.0) were used in vehicles such as the second-generation BYD Tang, and uses hardware comprising a 14.6-inch screen, 4G connection and a Qualcomm Snapdragon 625 chipset with 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB of storage.[220]
The latest version of DiLink, the DiLink 4.0 was introduced in August . The updated version supports 5G network, and feature a reworked, more intuitive user interface.[221] The hardware for the DiLink 4.0 is known to be powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon SM chipset with 8 GB of RAM and 128 GB of storage.[222]
One of the popular feature in the DiLink for the Chinese market is the inclusion of karaoke. BYD is one of the first brands in China to include karaoke in the in-car entertainment system, allowing occupants to sing through the optional or included DiLink microphone.[223][224][225]
In , BYD also introduced BYD OS alongside the e-Platform 3.0, which is an in-house operating system for battery electric vehicles that decouples software and hardware. This approach reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs while offering the possibility for other manufacturers using the platform to integrate their own software and hardware.[226]
Research and development
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In , BYD established an internal Electric Vehicle Research Institute, dedicated for the R&D and trial production of complete vehicles and parts for new energy vehicles, such as battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles (DM, dual-mode).[36]
Design centre
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In , BYD launched its global design centre in Shenzhen, China. It is led by industry veterans from European brands, led by Global Design director Wolfgang Egger, BYD Global Exterior Design director JuanMa Lopez and Global Interior Design director Michele Jauch-Paganetti.[227] The design centre initially housed 200 designers, which has increased to 600 designers by .[228]
The carmaker unveiled the E-Seed GT concept car, the first joint effort from the team, at the Auto Shanghai in April . The design concept reflected the lines of the traditional Chinese dragon.[229]
Manufacturing
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BYD Auto is a vertically integrated company that claims to have the highest degree of vertical integration in the world, with over 70% of its vehicle components being supplied independently.[230][231] It produces its own mouldings, production lines and equipment, and controls the supply chain for most components such as batteries, electric motors, and electronic controls, which significantly reduced its manufacturing costs and provides a competitive advantage in terms of profit margins.[232] In , the BYD group established FinDreams, a brand encompassing five fully-owned automotive component manufacturers that also supply parts to other automotive companies.[233] BYD Auto also operates its own shipping services to export its cars.[234]
A teardown by investment bank UBS of the BYD Seal revealed that 75% of its components were made in-house. Its competition, the Tesla Model 3 only uses 46% of components that are made in-house in China. UBS concluded that this helped the Seal achieve a gross profit margin of 16%, compared to 14% for the made-in-China Model 3.[67][235]
Facilities
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China
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BYD Auto's manufacturing plants are located in Xi'an, Shaanxi, in Pingshan, Shenzhen (the headquarters of BYD Company), Changsha, Hunan, and Shaoguan, Guangdong. The company also operates an R&D centers in Shenzhen and Shanghai.[236]
The Xi'an plant is BYD Auto's first production base, which includes electric assembly, electric motor, and battery production. The first expansion of the plant was completed in September , when the Xi'an BYD No. 2 Plant went operational. BYD added an electric bus plant in the complex in , with an annual capacity of 5,000 units.[237] Following the completion of the third phase development in September , the current annual production capacity of the Xi'an production base is 900,000 vehicles.[238] As of , it is the largest single manufacturing company in the Shaanxi province.[239]
In late , the Changsha plant went operational with an annual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles. A second phase plant went operational in , making the total production capacity in Changsha reach 300,000 vehicles annually.[238]
BYD Auto started construction of its largest plant in Hefei, Anhui in July , which started operations in June . It will be built in three phases with final annual capacity of 1.32 million vehicles.[238]
In March , the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology approved BYD's plan to move its passenger vehicle factory in Pingshan, Shenzhen to the Shenzhen-Shantou Special Cooperation Zone in Shantou, Guangdong, 60 km (37 mi) east of Shenzhen.[240]
As of , BYD's annual vehicle production capacity in China reached 5.82 million vehicles.[241]
Overseas
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit oem dongfeng outer handle.
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BYD Motors Inc. facility in Lancaster, California, inBYD opened a manufacturing plant for electric buses in Lancaster, California, US in May .[246][247] Another plant was inaugurated in Campinas, Brazil in for the production of electric buses.[248] BYD also opened a bus plant in in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada.[249]
BYD has a European electric bus assembly facility in Komárom, Hungary. The plant employed 300 people by the end of , with a production capacity of up to 400 electric buses a year (and 600 chassis) on two shifts.[250]
In July , BYD announced a US$620 million investment in Camaçari, Brazil to produce electric cars, after acquiring Ford's former plant.[251] In July , BYD announced a US$1 billion investment in Turkey.[252]
Partnerships
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Toyota joint venture[
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BYD and Toyota formed a joint venture called BYD Toyota EV Technology Co., Ltd. (BTET), which was formalised in April and headquartered in Shenzhen, China. It was established with a focus on the research and development of battery electric vehicles.[257][258] The first product conceived by the joint venture is the Toyota bZ3, a Chinese market battery electric sedan manufactured by FAW Toyota, followed by the Toyota bZ3C crossover SUV.
Hino Motors joint venture
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In October , BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. signed an agreement with Japanese truck and bus manufacturer Hino Motors to establish a joint venture for commercial battery electric vehicle development. The joint venture planned to introduce vehicles under the Hino brand by .[259]
In February , Hino Motors halted sales of compact electric buses in Japan supplied by BYD due to the presence of hexavalent chromium, a carcinogenic chemical banned under Japanese industry guidelines. The affected model is the Hino Poncho Z EV.[260] Hino was unable to negotiate with BYD to build the bus without using the chemical, while BYD Japan claims that the buses "meet all required laws and standards".[261]
GAC BYD
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Guangzhou GZHZEV1 (K7G) bus built by GAC BYDIn August , BYD and GAC Group established a joint venture called Guangzhou GAC BYD New Energy Bus Co., Ltd. to produce electric buses in Guangzhou, the city where GAC is based. BYD holds a 51 percent stake while GAC held 49 percent.[262] The joint venture mainly supplies buses to the local bus operator Guangzhou Bus Group.[263]
Alexander Dennis
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In , BYD partnered with Alexander Dennis to produce all-electric buses for the British market, including London's first all-electric double-decker.[264] Alexander Dennis built their Enviro200EV single-deck and Enviro400EV double-deck products on BYD's chassis.[46] By , the partnership had produced 1,500 buses.[265]
Songsan Motor
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Songsan SS DolphinA small Chinese motorcycle manufacturer Songsan Motor contracted BYD to produce retro-styled cars, as the company does not have a production license. Its first vehicle, the Songsan SS Dolphin (unrelated to the BYD Dolphin) was introduced in using Chevrolet Corvette C1 as a design inspiration. It is based on BYD's platform and powered by a plug-in hybrid powertrain. As legally required, the car wears BYD badges alongside Songsan Motor logo.[266] As of , deliveries to customers have not started yet. Songsan sued BYD in September due to alleged contract disputes and fraudulent environmental certifications, an allegation that was denied by BYD.[267]
Lawsuits and controversies
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Nanjing electric vehicle subsidy fraud
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In , a suicide note by a dealership owner in Nanjing led to an investigation into government subsidy fraud. The note claimed that BYD had received subsidies for 600 electric buses it had never produced, with only a few dozen delivered to the city government. BYD reportedly forced dealerships to increase electric vehicle inventories, selling to people outside of Nanjing and helping them obtain temporary residence documents. The dealerships ended up paying subsidies on 80 percent of vehicles sold.[268] Following the case, the Chinese Finance Ministry fined five manufacturers (not including BYD) for fraudulently obtaining over CN¥1 billion worth of subsidies. The companies were required to return the subsidies and pay penalties worth an additional 50% of the subsidies received.[269]
Quality concerns of buses
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In December , the Albuquerque, New Mexico council in the US sued BYD over the alleged poor welding, poor battery range, and malfunctioning doors and brakes of its buses.[270] BYD denied the allegations, and the lawsuit was settled without money changing hands.[271]
A investigation by The Los Angeles Times found quality and reliability issues with the BYD buses used by public transit agencies in California, such as frequent stalls and unpredictable driving ranges below advertised figures.[272]
In February , BYD confirmed the presence of a toxic chemical, hexavalent chromium, in its electric buses in Japan. According to BYD, the contaminated vehicles will be "detoxified before being scrapped, leaving no impact on the environment."[273]
Alliance for American Manufacturing lawsuit
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In November , BYD in the U.S. filed a lawsuit against the Alliance for American Manufacturing (AAM), a non-profit lobbying group that advocated for a ban on using the federal tax budget to purchase rail cars or buses from foreign state-owned or controlled companies such like BYD, which has an electric bus factory in California, U.S. The rule was signed into law as the Transit Infrastructure Vehicle Security Act (TIVSA). BYD alleges that AAM has engaged in a "malicious, fraudulent, outrageous, and reckless campaign" that damages BYD's reputation.[274] The Supreme Court of the United States rejected BYD's suit in August .[275]
Changsha manufacturing plant pollution
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Protests at the BYD Auto Industry Changsha manufacturing plantIn May , Changsha city authorities opened an investigation into a manufacturing plant owned by BYD Auto in the city following complaints from nearby residents. The allegations surfaced in April on a website belonging to state newspaper People's Daily, where people living near the factory left messages claiming the plant's pollution had a strong odour, which gave residents irritated throats and nosebleeds to children. Residents purchased testing equipment, and found levels of TVOCs above safety standards.[276] Residents protested at the Changsha plant's gate, urging the company to solve the problem. BYD denied the allegations, stating that all emissions from the plant were compliant with China's regulatory rules and standards, and threatened legal actions against people who spread rumours that emissions from the factory had caused nosebleeds.[276][277][278] Production in the plant was partially halted during the investigation.[279]
Emissions non-compliance allegations
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In May , rival Great Wall Motor publicly reported that two BYD top-selling plug-in hybrid models did not meet emission standards. In a social media post, Great Wall Motor accused BYD of using non-pressurised fuel tanks in its Qin Plus and Song Plus, enabling the liquid inside to evaporate more rapidly than it would in pressurised tanks, and announced that it had submitted evidence documents to Chinese authorities.[280] BYD denied Great Wall's claim, saying the testing conducted by Great Wall was invalid as it had run its own tests by using a different testing method than required by authorities, and lacked third-party inspection.[281][282]
Dealership fires
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In May , fire broke out in a BYD dealership in Fuzhou, Fujian. The Chinese language site of American news outlet NTDTV reported that it is the tenth BYD dealership fire since . One BYD dealership fire case was reported in , followed by four cases in and another four in . Two factory fire cases were recorded in and . BYD acknowledged the Fuzhou incident, but denied that the fire came from any of its vehicles and detected no abnormalities in the vehicle batteries during its inspection. [283][284]
Marketing and public relations
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In April , British football team Arsenal F.C. announced BYD as its sponsorship partner. In July , the sponsorship agreement was revealed as fraudulent after BYD claimed the person who signed a sponsorship deal with the club was not authorised to do so. BYD claims that Shanghai police detained a woman who was acting as the marketing manager on suspicion of contract fraud and forging business seals. The individual had signed numerous contracts with advertising agencies, but she has never been an employee of BYD.[285][286]
In September , BYD appointed Lu Kewen, an online influencer known for spreading antisemitic tropes, as a spokesperson for the company.[287]
In China, BYD has been taking legal actions towards online bloggers and social media users. In July , BYD formally sued a Sina Weibo user, Longzhu-JiChe, that had been continuously posting false information about BYD. The company demanded a CN¥5 million compensation.[288] In April , BYD filed a lawsuit against a Chinese blogger, Huang, that posted a claim in social media in January that BYD instructed its employees to organize consumers to "defend their rights against Tesla". The court ruled that Huang must publish a statement of apology and compensate BYD for losses.[289] In May , BYD filed another lawsuit against a Chinese blogger Yao Qiang, demanding that he make a public apology and pay a compensation of CN¥5 million. The blogger claims the Fangchengbao Bao 5 had poor fuel consumption of around 18 l/100 km (5.6 km/l; 13 mpg&#;US). Internet users found traffic violations in the test drive video and reported it to the police. BYD investigation revealed that the vehicle was driven abnormally and aggressively.[290]
Unfair price cuts in Thailand
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In June , BYD came under investigation by Thai authorities, including the Consumer Protection Commission (CPC) and the Office of the Consumer Protection Board (OCPB), regarding its practices in offering price cuts in the Thai market. The investigation was prompted by a complaint from a customer, stating that a salesperson on 19 June had convinced them to purchase a BYD Dolphin by claiming that prices would increase after the discount period ended. Instead, BYD reduced the car's price by 140,000&#;160,000 baht on 1 July, causing the customer to experience "psychological distress".[291][292] On 5 July, the issue was discussed by Thailand Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin and BYD CEO Wang Chuanfu shortly after they both opened the BYD Thailand manufacturing plant. Wang promised to resolve the issue.[293]
Sales
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BYD yearly global sales[294][295][i] Year Total BYD Denza Yangwang FCB 21,253 21,253 - - - 17,900 17,900 - - - 11,038 11,038 - - - 63,592 63,592 - - - 101,665 101,665 - - - 170,880 170,880 - - - 448,458 448,458 - - - 521,761 521,761 - - - 454,676 454,676 - - - 462,512 462,512 - - - 514,188 514,188 - - - 446,329 446,329 - - - 451,868 449,068 2,800 - - 510,157 507,870 2,287 - - 421,158 416,445 4,713 - - 528,298 526,324 1,974 - - 467,960 465,871 2,089 - - 431,447 427,302 4,175 - - 749,325 744,617 4,708 - - 1,881,669 1,871,866 9,803 - - 3,024,417 2,888,864 127,840 2,001 5,712Figures before exclude exports
BYD car sales in were 448,400 vehicles. Its F3 was the best-selling sedan in China with sales of over 291,000 units.[39][296] In , BYD sold 519,800 vehicles, representing 2.9% of the market in China, its sixth largest manufacturer.[236][297] In , the BYD sales rank was outside the top ten.[298] In , the company became the 9th largest car manufacturer in China, producing over 600,000 vehicles.[299] In , BYD sold 506,189 passenger cars in China, ranking tenth.[300]
BYD sales had increased significantly compared to its previous years since , in part as a result of the rapid increase of new energy vehicle sales as a percentage of total passenger vehicle sales in China in and .[61] While the new energy vehicle market share were stagnant between 4&#;5% since , in and , new energy vehicles accounted for 15.4 and 27.5% all passenger vehicle sales respectively. Within BYD's total vehicle sales, new energy vehicles also accounted for an increasing percentage from 52.4% in into reaching 99.2% in the first half of , shortly before the company ended production of pure internal combustion engine vehicles.[301]
In late and early , BYD plug-in hybrid vehicles surpassed the sales of its battery electric vehicles, which was partly attributed to the positive reception of BYD's DM-i system that replaced the older DM system in January .[302] In the first half of , BYD becomes the top plug-in electric vehicle seller in the world after surpassing Tesla.[62] The company surpassed Tesla as the world's top battery electric vehicle manufacturer in the fourth quarter of by selling 526,409 battery electric cars, while Tesla delivered 484,507 vehicles.[8][303] In , 52.5% of BYD's sales volume were contributed by battery electric vehicles (including commercial vehicles).[1]
In , BYD became the top-selling car brand in China ahead of Volkswagen, marking the first time another company has sold more cars than Volkswagen in the country.[9] In early , BYD sales in China were surpassed by Volkswagen, ending its 11-month streak as the top-selling brand in China.[304] It was attributed by the Chinese New Year holiday and reduced demand.[305] BYD regained the top position by the second quarter of .[306]
Quarterly sales (&#;present)
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Milestones
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Milestone[64][307] Date 1,000,000th NEV production 19 May 2,000,000th NEV production May 3,000,000th NEV production 16 November 5,000,000th NEV production 3 August 6,000,000th NEV production 24 November 7,000,000th NEV production 25 March [308] 8,000,000th NEV production 4 July [143]See also
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References
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