Physical inactivity has been identified as a contributing factor to obesity, which is currently a leading public health issue in developed nations [1-3]. Health authorities have promoted active transportation as one possible response to addressing this epidemic [4]. Active transportation includes transportation activities that are human-powered, such as biking to work. This is distinct from many intentional exercise or fitness activities in that the purpose of active transport is primarily to get from one location to another. Substantial research in the fields of transportation, health, and psychology has helped to identify a variety of factors associated with engaging in active transport behaviors, including features in the built environment [5,6], age and gender [7], and attitudes and beliefs in a culture [8]. Though active transportation may be a promising approach to addressing obesity, it is not without its barriers. Active transportation can be made difficult because of barriers such as lack of safe walking and cycling paths, long commuting distance, limited current fitness level, lack of time, and inclement weather [7]. These barriers may be divided thematically into 2 classes: personal factors (eg, too much effort to ride a bike or a desire to wear normal clothes without getting to work sweaty) and environmental factors (eg, dangerous road or traffic conditions) [9]. As these barriers limit consistent and sustainable active transportation, innovative methods of active transportation that help to reduce or even eliminate such barriers are of interest to public health professionals.
Link to Keren In recent years, e-bikes have emerged, presenting a potential opportunity to encourage active transportation while reducing personal barriers to active transportation [10-12]. E-bikes operate through a small electric motor that acts as a pedal-assist, only providing assistance when the rider pedals. Because of this feature, the rider can theoretically still obtain at least a portion of the physical activity benefits of conventional cycling while reducing some of the traditional personal barriers to commuting with a conventional bicycle. Commuters may not want to exert the effort required to ride a conventional bicycle, may need to travel a longer distance, or may desire to wear normal clothing without arriving to their destination sweaty. In addition, individuals may have limited time or may not have the stamina to make the trip with a conventional bicycle. In each of these cases, the added assistance of the pedal-assist electric motor in e-bikes may reduce these barriers while still providing a portion of the health benefits associated with conventional cycling [12,13]. E-bikes also have the added benefit of being environmentally friendly, as they do not produce carbon emissions or noise pollution akin to their motorized vehicle counterparts [14,15]. In addition, they are not like motorcycles or other motorized scooters in that they can generally be ridden on bike paths and in bike lanes. If adopted widely enough, e-bikes could, therefore, reduce congestion in traffic as well as car parks, as they can also be parked with traditional bicycles. On account of the relatively recent introduction of e-bikes, the current literature surrounding e-bikes is somewhat limited. To date, the majority of e-bike studies have focused on issues concerning safety [16-26]. Some research, however, has been focused on the potential physical health benefits of e-bikes and their potential to reduce personal barriers to traditional cycling. For example, results from a Web-based survey demonstrated that those using an e-bike to ride to work report an ability to ride greater distances while perspiring less, suggesting that e-bikes may reduce some of the personal barriers of traditional cycling [27]. Being able to ride greater distances was also confirmed in another Web-based survey of e-bike users [28]. A review of e-bike literature supports the idea that e-bikes are related to beneficial physical activity but that they also may be more dangerous than a traditional bike [29]. One study also suggested that e-bikes may have an added benefit of promoting health among individuals otherwise reluctant to engage in physical activity [30,31]. Previous e-bike studies with such populations (older individuals, obese or overweight individuals, and those who may be impacted by physical injury or impairment) have largely focused only on safety [32,33], though one study has examined e-bike use among untrained, overweight individuals [13]. Heart rate and energy expenditure is likely lower with an e-bike compared with what would be observed with a conventional bicycle, and this has been confirmed in 2 small studies, with sample sizes of 18 and 12 [34,35]. Another study of 8 individuals suggests that e-bike use results in lower oxygen consumption and exercise intensity but that moderate physical activity is still achieved [10]. Similarly, a study of 10 trained and 10 untrained individuals revealed that though power output, exercise intensity, and energy expenditure were lower with assistance from the electric motor, the exercise intensity was sufficiently high to achieve the standards for moderate-intensity health-enhancing physical activity [12]. Recent studies also suggest that e-bike commuting may improve metabolic fitness such as glucose tolerance [36] and that riders experience lower levels of perceived exertion and higher levels of enjoyment [31]. If you want to learn more, please visit our website China electric motor assisted bicycle. Despite these findings, there is limited research in the current literature regarding the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of e-bikes and their potential health benefits compared with those of conventional bikes. For this reason, an assessment of the attitudes and beliefs toward their use is needed, as even if beneficial for health reasons, it remains unclear if individuals would adopt this technology or perceive it to be of limited value.
Mr. E. Mojo Riding! My Mojo has been ELECTRIFIED!
Every time I ride my Apple Red Emojo Caddy Pro my brain keeps hearing Jim Morrison (Doors) singing,"Mr Mojo Rising..." ("LA Woman"); but for me, it's "Mr E Mojo RIDING..."!
I did have some frustrating delivery issues(time, a missing battery, broken parts, replacements on back order, etc). Electric Bike Paradise Support tried to rectify but in the end, they had Emojo Bike Co Support, in Irvine, CA, directly call me. Kevin and Shahla, at Emojo Support, did a FANTASTIC JOB and WERE able to remedy ALL my concerns!
Emojo's Kevin & Shahla deserve a shout out of recognition for great customer service! Kudos to Electric Bike Paradise for having the manufacturer/distributor, Emojo Electric Bikes Support, directly communicate with me and resolve my issues (check out picture of my facsimile "BOB'S FUN" tag on rear basket). I'm now able to ride with a smile having my MOJO ELECTRIFIED!
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